Today, one of the big challenges of banks is the greening of actions and, most importantly, maintaining social and security factors as one of their important tasks, which can increase public trust and reduce people's concern about the impact of their activities on the environment, which itself It requires extensive research that some researchers have done more or less. However, less research has considered these important issues from the perspective of the effects of the integrated green management program and internal and external organizational factors. Based on this, the current study investigates the impact of integrated green management programs and internal and external organizational factors on green banking and social and security factors. The current research method is a practical and descriptive survey. The statistical population, including 400 experts on the banking system, were selected as a sample using a stratified random method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The results of structural equation modelling using Smart PLS software showed that the integrated green management program significantly affects internal organizational factors. Also, the integrated green management program significantly impacts external organizations. In addition, internal organizational factors have a significant impact on social and security green banking. On the other hand, extra-organizational factors have a significant effect on green banking, as well as social and security factors.

Nowadays cities benefit from two geographical (natural, social, and economical environments) and artificial (man-made environment, and architecture) symbols. Mankind has always been trying to change these two symbols for the sake of his daily activities or earning his life and establishing a dwelling both as an interest and as a shelter. During this process green areas, jungles, and gardens have been changed into skyscrapers and buildings. Bricks, cement, and metallic plates have replaced for attractive views of nature. Today’s citizens have a sad feeling while they see that they have fallen far from the beauties and quietness of nature.To solve this problem, industrialists have developed the green roof technology. Urban planners and architects use it as a ‘back to nature’ process. Green roof is a method to convert the rough, dry, and cold parts of the city into green spots. Besides green roofs can create micro-climatic zones which reduce pollution and improve the living conditions of the citizens.This process is highly advantageous for cities like Tehran which is located in a 730 sq. km. of land delimited by mountains and deserts.67.9 percent of the city is occupied by buildings and about thirteen million people live in this city. Green roofs are good means for reducing these problems of Tehran.

Background: Screening program in schools are designed to identify children who have early signs of health problems. This study provides information about the findings of national screening program in Iran.Methods: This national program is conducted by the Ministry of Health & Medical Education (MOHME) with collaboration of the Ministry of Education & Training. This program had two major parts including 1) screening of behavioral, hearing and visual disorders, pediculosis and calculating body mass index and 2) physical examination of students, conducted by primary care physicians. All services are offered free of charge. The students’ parents are informed about the health status of their children.Results: The screening program conducted in 2007-2008 included 3,124,021 students from 33 cities who were studying in the first- and third- grade- students in elementary schools, first- grade- students in middle and high schools. Of total students studied, 12.48% had weight disorders, i.e. body mass index <3rd percentile or ³ 95th percentile. 4.77% had visual disorders, 3.95 % had head lice, 2.24% had behavioral disorders, and 0.6% had hearing disorders.Conclusion: In addition to its benefits to the students’ health status, the results of this screening program help health policy makers to design interventions for prevention and or early detection and treatment of the most common disorders documented among school students.

With increasing environmental pollution in recent years, researchers have focused on designing a closed loop supply chain network with consideration of environmental issues. In this research an uncertain bi-objective, multi-period, multi-product and multi-level closed-loop supply chain network is presented. Uncertainty in demand, transportation costs are considered and to counteract this uncertainty the robust optimization approach is used. The proposed supply chain network consists of four levels of forward supply chain and four levels of reverse chain. The proposed model is a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model with the aim maximizing profit and minimizing generated pollution by transportation of products, and operational centers. The proposed model is solved by lingo software, so that the multi-objective model has been handled by utility based goal programming method. Finally, the results are analyzed and the comparison of different scenarios indicates that the objective function has strongly shown the uncertainty parameters and the effect of uncertainty in the parameters simultaneously. Therefore, network modeling based on different scenarios can be a good tool for deciding on confrontation with uncertain and ambiguous parameters.

Following the global environmental concerns, many automobile manufacturers intend to produce smaller ‎engines, aiming to lower emissions and fuel consumption. As compensation for performance reduction, these ‎engines are equipped with turbochargers. One of the challenges is to select the right turbocharger for a specific ‎engine. In this regard, an integrated zero-dimensional turbocharger and engine simulation program is ‎developed, employing a quasi-steady compressible flow method. The program gives the designer the ‎possibility of observing the performance of different compressor-turbine combinations on an internal ‎combustion engine. Engine details such as fuel, cylinder geometry, heat transfer conditions, valve timing, and ‎spark timing are considered within the engine modeling, and the designer can investigate their effects on the ‎overall performance of the system. Compressor and turbine performances are predicted by their previously ‎provided performance maps (steady-state characteristic curves) and special inter-and extrapolation methods. ‎A new algorithm for turbocharger matching is suggested, and its logics, basic convergence loops, and ‎thermodynamic equations have been described in detail. A database containing digitized compressor and ‎turbine maps and details provided by different manufacturers is created and integrated into the program. An ‎existing turbocharged engine has been tested and also simulated by the program. The accuracy of the program ‎results is evaluated by comparing them with experimental results. The maximum error of modeling the engine ‎and the whole simulation is 1. 5% and 16%, respectively. Two other compressor-turbine combinations have ‎been evaluated using the program, one of which is suggested as an alternative‎‎.

These days, industries, individuals and organizations are highly dependent on software. Software plays an important role in our daily life. They use in embedded systems, databases, computers, mobiles etc.  Great demand for ICT cause environmental problem and endanger the future sustainability.  In this case, sustainable development has become a hot research topic in software engineering community. Sustainability as a software quality is a general term. Therefore, there is a chance that software developers mislead about develops sustainable software. Therefore, there are some questions that should be answered to help practitioners to develop sustainable software: how developers could develop green and sustainable software? What requirements should be considered to reach green and sustainable software? Which non-functional requirement has an effect on each sustainability dimension?   In this paper, we selected 20 non-functional requirements out of 60. It was identified the effective non-functional requirements in green and sustainable software development by using Delphi method then via interpretive structural modeling (ISM). The study aimed to pave the way for software eco-labeling and help users to choose the green and sustainable one. Also, provide software developers with guideline to develop green and sustainable software by identifying effective non-functional requirements. This would lead to the sustainable future and green environment.

This study presents an optimal framework for the operation of integrated energy systems using demand response programs. The main goal of integrated energy systems is to optimally supply various demands using different energy carriers such as electricity, heating, and cooling. Considering the power market price, this work investigates the effects of multiple energy storage devices and demand response programs, including the time of use pricing, real-time pricing, and integrated demand response on optimal operation of energy hub. Moreover, impacts of different optimization methods are evaluated on the optimal scheduling of multi-carrier energy systems. Maximizing profits of selling electrical energy and minimizing the purchasing cost of input carrier energies are considered as objective functions to indicate bidirectional interchanges of energy hub systems with the power grid. To minimize the generation cost of energy carriers, a new quadratic objective function is also optimized using genetic algorithm. In this study, optimal operation of the energy hub based on the proposed quadratic objective function is an economic dispatch problem where the purchasing electrical power by the energy hub is considered as a load of the upstream grid. The optimization problem is implemented in the sample energy hub to indicate the effectiveness of different energy storage roles and applied demand response programs in the optimal operation of energy hub systems.

A B S T R A C T Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. “green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green city is one of the sustainable development approaches that reduce the environmental footprint of cities. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the situation of Mashhad metropolis in terms of the objective characteristics of the green city. In this study, 14 indicators of electricity consumption per capita, green space per capita, population density, water availability, sewage availability, superior public transportation network, urban mass transportation, traffic reduction, annual production waste per capita, carbon monoxide, concentration nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide concentration, particulate matter concentration, and air quality were exerted. To determine the importance of research indicators, the Shannon entropy method, and the status of Mashhad city areas in terms of green city indicators, the VIKOR multi-criteria decision-making method has been applied. The results showed that most areas of Mashhad are average and below average in terms of green city characteristics, and only District 9 is in very good condition (0.636). Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city Extended Abstract Introduction Green city is one of the approaches to sustainable development. A “Green city” is an environmentally friendly city compatible with the concept of sustainable development and can be used for the welfare and security of its inhabitants. Based on the concept of a “green city,” urban managers try to have the least destructive effect on the ecosystems upon which cities rely. Green cities constantly try to manage their environmental effects by reducing waste, increasing recycling, reducing air pollution, increasing population density, developing open urban spaces, and encouraging the development of sustainable local businesses. Green cities were first used to evaluate 30 European cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2009 with the financial support of Siemens and the aim of reducing the environmental effects of human activities in cities. In that study, eight indices of carbon dioxide, energy, construction, transportation, water, recycling and land use, air quality, and environmental governance were used. Later, the Economist Intelligence Unit, with the financial support of Siemens, evaluated the status of the green city index in 17 Latin American cities, 15 African cities, 22 major Asian cities, and 27 cities in United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. In recent years, even some Western Islamic scholars have, in various publications, shown that Islam is an ecological religion. In Iran, the issue of protecting the environment has not received much attention regardless of its rich cultural and religious background and its confirmation in Article 50 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Mashhad is the second metropolis of Iran, located in North-East of Iran, and is one of the counties of Khorasan Razavi Province. According to the 2016 Iranian Population and Housing Census, its population was 3057679 people (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality). In Mashhad, due to several reasons including the presence of Imam Reza Shrine (PBUH) and arrival of millions of pilgrims per year, population growth, increased garbage production (production of 896534 tons of garbage in 2016 (The Vice-Presidency of Planning and Development of Mashhad Municipality), air pollution (increased number of unhealthy days from 46 days per year in 2015 to 88 days in 2016 for sensitive groups and 4 days of unhealthy air for all groups in 2016 (Center for Monitoring Environmental Pollutants of Mashhad Municipality) the 2025 vision of the city has paid attention to the environment in the form of five general objectives; however, just like the national level, no specific pattern for environmentally-compatible urban development, such as green city, is determined. Analysis of the green city index in Mashhad metropolis can considerably contribute to urban managers and planners in addition to providing a pattern for evaluating the present situation in other cities of Iran and improving the quality of life regardless of the current status of the urban environment in Iranian cities; we can preserve these environments as parts of the natural environment for future generations.   Methodology In terms of its goal, the present study is an applied one; in the study, drawing upon other studies and library sources and considering the conditions of Iran and the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city, 14 quantitative indices were exerted. To this end, the required data for the quantitative indices was gathered by library research from the relevant institutions. Next, the weights of quantitative indices were determined using Shannon's entropy. Then, using the VIKOR method of multi-criteria decision-making, the status of various districts of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of quantitative indices of green city was determined. Finally, the map of the spatial distribution of quantitative indices was drawn using the ARC GIS software package.   Results and discussion In this study, to analyze the status of the metropolis of Mashhad in terms of green city features, 14 quantitative indices were used. Considering the value of the VIKOR index ranges from 0 to 1, various districts of Mashhad can be classified into five categories; very satisfactory, satisfactory, average, unsatisfactory, and very unsatisfactory in terms of quantitative indices of green city. The results of the current situation of Mashhad showed that in terms of objective indicators of the green city, District 9 of Mashhad metropolis with a value of VIKOR index of 0.056 is in first place, and the seventh region with a value of VIKOR index of 0.433 is in second place. Also, based on the results of this part of the research, District 5, with the value of VIKOR index of 0.969, is in the last rank in terms of objective characteristics of the green city.   Conclusion Similarly, the results of studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) on Tehran metropolis are indicative of the unsatisfactory situation of Tehran (the biggest metropolis of Iran) in terms of green city features. Comparing the results of the studies by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017) with the present study on Mashhad (the second biggest metropolis of Iran) reveals the necessity for a comprehensive plan toward achieving green cities. It should be mentioned that, due to the specific conditions of Mashhad metropolis and availability or unavailability of the required data, the indices used in the present study are somewhat different from the ones used by Afshar (2011) and Shabani et al. (2017).   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.     Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific